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Unraveling Clear Air Turbulence: Causes, Impact, and Coping Strategies

ByCaptain David

**Understanding Clear Air Turbulence for EASA Europe Students** Imagine you’re soaring through the sky at 35,000 feet. The flight is smooth, but suddenly, without any visible threat, turbulence shakes the aircraft. This is Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) in action—a phenomenon that’s invisible and sudden, making it one of the most challenging adversaries for pilots. However,…

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Mastering LPV, LNAV, and VNAV Approaches: Simple Guide to GPS Navigation in Aviation

ByCaptain David

LPV, LNAV, and LNAV/VNAV Explained: A Pilot-Friendly Guide to RNAV Approaches Studying for your instrument rating can feel like navigating through clouds without a GPS—especially when it comes to complex RNAV approaches like LP, LPV, LNAV, and LNAV/VNAV. Too often, pilots resort to memorizing approach plate details without truly grasping how these systems work and…